Effect of obesity and exercise training on circulating lipids in American Indian adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Childhood dyslipidemia is predictive of future cardiometabolic disease. We determined the impact of obesity (Ob) and an exercise program on lipids in American Indian adolescents. This is a secondary analysis from a previously reported trial designed to determine the impact of financial incentives on exercise behavior in American Indian adolescents who were tested in Southeast Oklahoma between June 2013 and January 2017. We performed a cross-sectional comparison of fasting lipids in participants with Ob (n = 74) and a group with normal weight (NW, N = 39) at baseline prior to the exercise intervention. Measurements were repeated for the Ob group after they completed a 16-week exercise program (n = 53). Compared to the NW group, the Ob group at baseline had higher triglycerides (median [interquartile range]: 1.02 [0.67, 1.73] vs. 0.55 [0.40, 0.74] mmol/L), oxidized high density lipoprotein (HDL) (393 [311, 511] vs. 316 [281, 360] ng/mL), oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) (49.3 [38.0, 58.6] vs. 38.8 [29.8, 43.4] U/L), and 4 out of 11 targeted fatty acids measured, while HDL-C (mean ± SD: 0.61 ± 0.18 vs. 0.89 ± 0.20 mmol/L) was lower, all p < 0.001. Fatty acid ratios suggested that hepatic lipid metabolism was altered in the Ob group, with higher stearoyl desaturase, and lower elongase and delta-6 desaturase activities. Aerobic fitness increased 10% in the Ob group but among the lipids measured, only elaidic and myristic acid declined in response to exercise. This study is among the first to report that several plasma lipids were altered in American Indian adolescents with Ob and only minor changes occurred following an exercise program. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, given the study's observational and secondary analysis design, but highlight the elevated cardiometabolic disease risk in this understudied population and the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".