Extractivist Fractures in the Atacama Desert: An Oasis of Contradictions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the socioecological ‘fractures’ emerging from lithium extraction in the Atacama Salt Flat, a massive, high-altitude saline formation on the Chilean Andean Mountain Range, and one of the world’s richest lithium reserves. Conceptualized as an ‘oasis of contradictions,’ the Atacama’s territory—defined by its hydrological basin—is simultaneously, a site for the global ‘green’ transition and a space of deepening dispossession—where transnational demands for lithium collide with Indigenous territorialities. Grounded in political ecology and based on extensive fieldwork with Lickanantay communities, our study imagines ‘fractures’ as multidimensional disruptions—ecological, cultural, and political—driven by extractivist dynamics. By unpacking the socioecological fallout of ‘green’ mining—foregrounded by Indigenous resistance and territorial claims in the Andean Highlands—our research challenges dominant development logics and calls for governance frameworks grounded in socioenvironmental justice and community resilience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".