Sixty-minute inhalation of molecular hydrogen decreases blood oxygen saturation but does not alter autonomic cardiac regulation at rest in healthy females: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has gained attention for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic effects. However, its impact on blood oxygen saturation and autonomic cardiac regulation under resting conditions remains unclear. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study investigated the effects of a 60 min molecular hydrogen inhalation on oxygen saturation and heart rate variability in healthy females. Twenty physically active participants (22.1 ± 1.6 years) completed two inhalation sessions with either molecular hydrogen or placebo (ambient air), separated by a 7-day washout period. Oxygen saturation and heart rate variability were continuously monitored during the 60 min of inhalation. The results using 60 min averages showed a statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.007) decrease in oxygen saturation during molecular hydrogen inhalation (95.9 ± 1.0%) compared to placebo (96.7 ± 0.7%), but this decrease should not be considered clinically significant. No significant changes (all p ≥ 0.32) were observed in time-domain or frequency-domain heart rate variability indices. These findings suggest that, under resting conditions, molecular hydrogen inhalation does not induce functional changes in autonomic cardiac regulation, and the observed reduction in blood oxygen saturation does not compromise homeostatic stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".