Determinants of incomplete vaccination against polio by 2 years of age in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (CNICS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Canada has not reached the national vaccination coverage goal of 95 % for polio vaccination in 2-year-old children. The objective of this study was to examine determinants of incomplete polio vaccination (receipt of less than 3 doses of a polio vaccine) by 2 years of age using data from the 2021 cycle of the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS). Methods Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine associations between sociodemographic factors of parents and children and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of parents, relative to incomplete vaccination against polio among 2-year-old children. Results Incomplete polio vaccination by 2 years of age was associated with parents/guardians residing in Prairie provinces (AB, MB & SK) (aOR 2.2; 95 % CI: 1.3–3.6) or northern territories (NT, NU & YT) (aOR: 6.2; 95 % CI: 2.5–15.2) compared to central provinces (ON & QC); having a total 2020 household income of less than $60,000 CAD (aOR: 2.8; 95 % CI: 1.2–6.8) compared to $150,000 CAD and above; and living in a remote/very remote area (aOR: 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.8–12.4) compared to a more accessible area. Comparatively, parents/guardians were less likely to have children with incomplete polio vaccination if their child was indigenous (aOR: 0.1; 95 % CI: 0.1–0.3) compared to non-Indigenous and if they had a higher vaccine confidence score (OR: 0.3; 95 % CI: 0.2–0.4). Conclusions Future research should delve into barriers faced by parents/guardians to improve polio vaccine uptake through specific vaccine messaging and targeted programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".