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Record W4417411044 · doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100768

Determinants of incomplete vaccination against polio by 2 years of age in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (CNICS)

2025· article· en· W4417411044 on OpenAlexaffabout
Israa Zareef, Kristina Sabou, Anna Maria Frescura, Marwa Ebrahim, Julie Laroche

Bibliographic record

VenueVaccine X · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Canadian institutionsPublic Health Agency of Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPoliomyelitisVaccinationPolio VaccinationPolio vaccineImmunizationLogistic regressionConfidence intervalPoliomyelitis eradication

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background Canada has not reached the national vaccination coverage goal of 95 % for polio vaccination in 2-year-old children. The objective of this study was to examine determinants of incomplete polio vaccination (receipt of less than 3 doses of a polio vaccine) by 2 years of age using data from the 2021 cycle of the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS). Methods Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine associations between sociodemographic factors of parents and children and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of parents, relative to incomplete vaccination against polio among 2-year-old children. Results Incomplete polio vaccination by 2 years of age was associated with parents/guardians residing in Prairie provinces (AB, MB & SK) (aOR 2.2; 95 % CI: 1.3–3.6) or northern territories (NT, NU & YT) (aOR: 6.2; 95 % CI: 2.5–15.2) compared to central provinces (ON & QC); having a total 2020 household income of less than $60,000 CAD (aOR: 2.8; 95 % CI: 1.2–6.8) compared to $150,000 CAD and above; and living in a remote/very remote area (aOR: 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.8–12.4) compared to a more accessible area. Comparatively, parents/guardians were less likely to have children with incomplete polio vaccination if their child was indigenous (aOR: 0.1; 95 % CI: 0.1–0.3) compared to non-Indigenous and if they had a higher vaccine confidence score (OR: 0.3; 95 % CI: 0.2–0.4). Conclusions Future research should delve into barriers faced by parents/guardians to improve polio vaccine uptake through specific vaccine messaging and targeted programs.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.189
Threshold uncertainty score0.373

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.328
Teacher spread0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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