The influence of environmental exposures during the preconception period on offspring outcomes: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Health behaviors and exposures to environmental hazards among individuals of reproductive age prior to pregnancy can influence maternal and child health outcomes. While research attention has focused on preconception health behaviors, such as diet and lifestyle, there is emerging evidence that environmental exposures may also be important to consider. Methods A search strategy (PROSPERO # CRD42021240069) was developed for MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), Maternity and Infant Care (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), and PsycINFO (EBSCO). Searches were conducted from database inception until 21 May 2021. Studies were included that investigated male or female exposure to any environmental hazard during the preconception period and reported neonatal or child health outcomes. No limit to date of publication, language or comparator were applied. Studies were critically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for Cohort studies. Results The review identified 63 studies that met the inclusion criteria, published between 1974 and 2021. They encompassed studies that covered ambient exposures ( n = 23), chemical exposures ( n = 26), and other exposures ( n = 24). For ambient exposures, all studies examined the outcomes associated with air pollution and one study also explored associations with exposure to hot and cold ambient temperature. Studies investigating chemical exposures encompassed endocrine-disrupting chemicals ( n = 4), pesticides ( n = 10), persistent organic pollutants ( n = 4), and organic solvents ( n = 7). Other exposures studied were categorized as radiation ( n = 9), metals ( n = 4) and undifferentiated products or compounds ( n = 14). Outcomes measured by the included studies covered congenital malformations, adverse birth outcomes and childhood illness. There was a high level of heterogeneity across the included studies that precluded meta-analysis. Various associations between exposures and outcomes were identified. Discussion There is growing evidence of adverse outcomes in offspring associated with maternal and paternal environmental exposures during the pre-conception period. While there are some topics that have received focused attention from research teams in the last 50 years, most studies appear to be standalone and have not continued to develop as part of wider research programs. There is need to develop a field-wide approach to create an agenda for environmental preconception health exposures and outcomes that supports more coordinated, targeted and strategic research efforts. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42021240069
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".