Radiographic bone changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiographic alveolar bone changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). DATA: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024564043). The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool for randomised trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomised trials. Funnel plots were utilised to identify publication bias, and the level of certainty was evaluated using the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. SOURCES: Electronic (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, VHL, Scopus) and manual searches. STUDY SELECTION: Studies published until 16 July 2024, reporting on radiographic changes after NSPT delivery with a follow-up duration of at least 6 months. RESULTS: 46 citations were included in the review. Single-arm meta-analysis evaluated infrabony defect depth reduction (DDR), defect fill (DF), defect angle fill (DAF), and horizontal bone loss (HBL). In non-minimally invasive non-surgical therapy (non-MINST) studies (22 studies, 631 subjects), infrabony DDR reached 0.18 mm and 0.13 mm, with DF ranging from 3.44 % to 2.70 % at 6 and 9-12 months, respectively. Class II furcation defects (5 studies, 144 subjects) exhibited DDR of 0.11-0.16 mm and DF of 2.87-3.44 % at respective time points. The lack of studies focusing on suprabony defects in non-MINST studies prevented their synthesis. MINST studies (4 studies, 144 subjects) presented more clinically significant improvements with effect increasing over 6-24 months: total DDR 1.48 mm, vertical DDR 1.64 mm, DF 29.17 %, DAF +7.03° High heterogeneity, high to unclear RoB, and low certainty of evidence were detected. Sensitivity analyses confirmed consistency, though heterogeneity remained high. CONCLUSION: The evidence suggests that NSPT may reduce radiographic defect depths, with MINST exhibiting more clinically significant results. Long-term, high-quality trials are needed to confirm these findings and inform clinical protocols. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This systematic review suggests that non-surgical approaches can lead to measurable radiographic changes, indicating their potential to stimulate alveolar bone regeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".