Tobamoviruses <scp>CP</scp> Proteins Hijack Light‐Induced Protein ( <scp>NbLIP1</scp> ) to Promote Viral Replication by Facilitating <scp>VRO</scp> Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tobamoviruses establish viral replication organelles (VROs) on the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for their replication, a process demanding substantial different types of lipids. However, how viruses efficiently transfer these lipids from other compartments like chloroplasts remains incompletely understood. Fibrillin (FBN) proteins are primarily localised to chloroplasts and are intimately linked with lipid metabolism and stress responses in chloroplasts. Here, we report that NbLIP1, a light-induced FBN1 family protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, directly interacts with the coat protein (CP) of rehmannia mosaic virus (ReMV) and other related tobamoviruses (TMV, YoMV). Upon viral infection, this interaction leads to the relocalisation of NbLIP1 from chloroplasts to ER-proximal viral replication sites. Functional assays demonstrated that overexpression of NbLIP1 significantly enhanced viral replication, viral protein accumulation, and VRO formation, while silencing NbLIP1 had the opposite effects. These findings unveil a novel viral infection mechanism whereby the viral CP hijacks the host lipid transfer protein NbLIP1 and recruits it to viral replication factories to promote viral replication, potentially by modulating lipid supply or the microenvironment remodelling at the replication sites. This study not only elucidates the role of NbLIP1 as a novel pro-viral host factor but also provides new insights into how viruses exploit host resources across cellular compartments, suggesting NbLIP1 as a potential antiviral target.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".