Increased posterior tibial slope in patients with anterior cruciate ligament‐deficient knees compared to knees with an intact anterior cruciate ligament and a degenerative medial meniscus tear: A radiographic comparative study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to quantify the difference in posterior tibial slope (PTS) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency compared to those with a degenerative medial meniscus posterior horn tear (dMMPHT). We hypothesised that patients with ACL deficiency would have a greater PTS compared to patients with dMMPHT. Methods All consecutive patients diagnosed with ACL deficiency (ACL group) or a dMMPHT with an intact ACL (MM group) from 2016 to 2022 at a single centre were reviewed. PTS was measured using the medial tibial plateau and tibial mechanical axis on standard lateral knee radiographs. Linear regression analysis was completed to assess the correlation between PTS and age in both groups. Further sub‐group analysis was undertaken according to age and sex of the study population. Results In total, 294 patients in the ACL group and 250 patients in the MM group were analysed. Age differed between the groups (ACL group: 29.5 ± 10.4 years vs. MM group: 38.7 ± 8.5 years, p < 0.001). Radiological evaluation demonstrated increased mean PTS in the ACL group compared to the MM group (10.1° ± 3.0 vs. 6.7° ± 2.6, p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed no significant correlation between the PTS and age in each group. When patients were subdivided into those younger than 30 years of age and those 30 years or older, there was no significant difference in the PTS in the ACL group. In contrast, younger patients had a steeper PTS compared to those 30 years or older in the MM group (7.5° ± 1.9 vs. 6.5° ± 2.7, p = 0.005). Conclusions Patients with an ACL tear had a significantly higher PTS on standard lateral knee radiographs compared to those with dMMPHTs and a normal ACL. Elevated PTS may be a risk factor for ACL rupture. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".