A 3D Low-Power Photon-to-Digital Converter - Radiation Detection Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The completion of a first wafer lot of 3D Photon-to-Digital Converters at Sherbrooke enables a new instrumentation tool for different applications such as neutron imaging, particle physics, medical imaging, spectral lidar. While the custom 3D SPAD tier is being characterized, a complete system has been designed and tested using the CMOS readout of the PDC and an AMD Zynq Ultrascale+. This low-power flavor of the PDC readout has a flag output for timing measurement with an external Time-to-Digital Converter and coincidence algorithms, and a digital sum to get the number of detected photons. With these two pieces of information, one has the flexibility to perform various types of measurements such as pulse-height spectra, pulse-shape discrimination, and precise Time-of-Arrival estimation. A demonstration of the capabilities of the PDC acquisition system resulted in a timing precision of approximately 95 ps FWHM and a variation of 10 photons FWHM while using a PicoQuant laser.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".