Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): A systematic review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify, select and synthesize clinical studies reporting the prevalence of HPV infection among patients with OSCC, and to determine the odds ratio (OR) of HPV infection in a group of OSCC patients relative to non-OSCC controls through meta-analysis.The study incorporated primary clinical trials that assessed the impact of HPV infection on the development of OSCC. The search was conducted on August 31, 2023, using Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), as well as PubMed® and Scopus databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The collected data was then synthesized in the form of tables and a funnel plot. A total of 54 eligible studies were selected for the review, and 10 reports were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 10 papers, 7 reported extractable numerical data on HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 (1,035 patients).The limitations of the evidence included the following: inhomogeneity in terms of HPV type; small number of available controlled studies (not homogeneous in terms of virus type); small number of patients on whom controlled studies were conducted; and the risk of bias related to the selection of study and control groups (present in most studies qualified for the synthesis).In conclusion, HPV is detected by genetic testing in 0.0-74.5% of patients who develop OSCC. The weighted mean OR of detecting HPV-16 or HPV-18 in OSCC patients (OR = 17.1; standard deviation (SD) = 31.4) suggests a potential correlation between these infections and the incidence of OSCC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it