Young adults in the cardiac intensive care unit: insights from the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network registry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: While the aging cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) population has been well studied, young adults represent a distinct and underexplored subgroup. We aimed to characterize the demographics, clinical presentations, resource utilization, and outcomes of young adults admitted to contemporary CICUs. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed consecutive adult CICU admissions from 2018 to 2023 within the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network, a multicentre registry of advanced CICUs in North America. Patients aged 18-39 years were classified as 'young adults' and compared with those aged ≥40 years. Among 29 035 CICU admissions, 6.7% (n = 1959) were aged 18-39 years. Young adults were more likely to be female (40.0% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.001) and non-White (55.3% vs. 43.0%, P < 0.001), with fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Heart failure was the leading admission diagnosis among young adults (26.4% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001). Compared with older adults, young patients were more likely to present with cardiogenic shock (22.4% vs. 18.7%, P < 0.001) and cardiac arrest (12.7% vs. 10.6%, P = 0.003). Utilization of critical care therapies was higher, including mechanical circulatory support (13.1% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.02), with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation comprising a greater share (29.3% vs. 9.9%, P < 0.001). Young admissions had longer CICU stays [2.7 (1.2-5.8) vs. 2.2 (1.1-4.6) days, P < 0.001]. CICU mortality (6.5% vs. 10.5%, P < 0.001) and hospital mortality (9.5% vs. 14.4%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the young. CONCLUSION: Young adults admitted to the CICU represent a clinically distinct population, with higher rates of high-acuity presentations and intensive resource use yet lower short-term mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".