Disclosure to family and well-being among bi+ youth: The role of authenticity and family bullying
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The visibility management of bi+ individuals involves a continuous negotiation between the pursuit of authenticity and the risks of rejection or violence associated with disclosure. Within the family—a key developmental context for youth—bi+ identity disclosure is often selective, and its impact on youth’s well-being remains underexplored. This study examines how authenticity mediates the relationship between family disclosure and well-being among bi+ youth, and how family bullying mediates or moderates this association. It also explores whether these dynamics vary by developmental period. Data were collected through a pan-Canadian online survey (2019–2020), with an analytical sample of 954 bisexual and pansexual youth aged 15–29. Using causal mediation analyses, we tested two models, controlling for sexual orientation, gender identity and modality, racialized status, living arrangement, financial stress, and developmental period, after confirming the absence of a moderating role. Results indicate that authenticity mediated the positive relationship between disclosure to family and well-being among bi+ youth. This indirect effect was either part of a joint mediation involving family bullying, or moderated by it, becoming non-significant when family bullying was present. These findings underscore the detrimental role of family bullying in preventing disclosure from fostering authenticity and, consequently, well-being. Future research should further investigate the complex family dynamics surrounding bi+ youth disclosure, particularly how authenticity and family bullying interact with other family characteristics such as parental and sibling support, family structure, and cultural norms. Examining the directionality of these relationships longitudinally and identifying the subgroups or contexts where family bullying acts as a mediator or a moderator will be key for future research seeking to disentangle these effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".