Bidirectional associations between self-referential processing and depressive symptoms in early adolescents: A two-wave EEG study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transition into adolescence is a critical period that features rapid development of the self and elevated depressive symptoms. Maladaptive self-referential processing is an identified cognitive risk factor that predicts the development of depression; elevated depressive symptoms may also reinforce maladaptive patterns of self-referential processing. However, longitudinal data that speak to the directional associations between these two constructs are limited: extant research has focused on simple behavioral measures of self-referential processing, and no work has examined the directional relationships between the neural substrates of self-referential processing and depressive symptoms. In this study, 115 community-dwelling youths (66 girls; Mean age/SD =11.00/1.16 years) completed an EEG version of the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) and reported their depressive symptoms at baseline and approximately a year later. A larger anterior late positive potential (LPP) elicited by negative self-referential processing at T1 predicted higher depressive symptoms a year later, with baseline symptoms controlled for. Further, depressive symptoms at T1 predicted higher drift rate during negative self-referential processing at T2, with baseline drift rate controlled for. We provided novel evidence concerning the bidirectional relationships between self-referential processing and depressive symptoms in early adolescence, with differential patterns observed in different indices of self-referential processing (neural or behavioral).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".