Internalising a Crisis? Household Level Response to Water Scarcity in the City of Harare, Zimbabwe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the last quarter of 2008, Zimbabwe grabbed international news headlines because of a cholera outbreak that was said to be the worst in Africa in 15 years. The outbreak was attributed to inadequate and poor quality of domestic water at household level. This paper examines how households from different socioeconomic backgrounds responded to the water crisis between 2008 and 2011. The paper’s analysis of the extent of the water shortage in Harare and the resultant household responses is based on information gleaned from household level surveys that were undertaken in 2008 and 2010/2011. This was complemented by interviews held with key informants and focus group discussions with residents of the city of Harare. The study established that, in the absence of clear prospects for changing water governance arrangements in the city, households had resorted to ‘internalising the crisis’. The ability to adequately respond depended on the socioeconomic status of the household, with poorer households showing less ability to cope. The paper argues that internalisation of the crisis by households cannot be said to represent a sustainable and long-term solution to the water crisis, and that the perseverance on the part of the households to engage with the water situation. It however, concludes that, this perseverance can be used as a base for forging meaningful partnership between the city and its residents in the quest for finding a lasting solution to the water crisis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".