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Record W45987519

Beyond Yes and No: Provincial Autonomy and the Future of Quebec

2005· article· en· W45987519 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Mario Dumont

Bibliographic record

VenueHarvard international review · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Identity and History
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPopulationPoliticsDemocracyAutonomyReferendumLawIndependence (probability theory)Political scienceSovereigntySecessionFrenchSociologyHistoryDemography
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The nation of Quebec has been an established nation of Americas for more than 470 years. It is principal home for francophones on continent. Before, and particularly since birth of Canadian confederation in 1867, Quebec has affirmed its personality and historical rights, proudly and firmly asserting its identity as a minority people. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] It has been 138 years since people of Quebec officially entered Canada. Quebecers have always affirmed a fierce will to live in a world where their differences, their language, their culture, and their own institutions distinguish them from rest of country. The year 2005 will allow Quebecers to remember, among other things, ongoing struggles of a francophone population trying to survive on an English-speaking continent. The coming year marks 25th anniversary of Quebec's first referendum on secession from Canada in 1980, as well as tenth anniversary of 1995 referendum--two events aimed at allowing Quebecers to decide course of their political future, at home and abroad. Quebecers have twice asked democratic question of whether or not it is preferable for Quebec to become an independent, sovereign country, and sole master of its political and economic destiny, along with all matters involved in such a decision. On both of these historic occasions, a majority of Quebecers chose to stay in Canada. On May 20, 1980, No side rallied 60 percent support against breaking from Canada. On October 30, 1995, result was 51 percent against independence to 49 percent in favor of independence, with a narrow margin of 54,288 votes between two sides. This virtual tie should have been a cause for reflection among federal government representatives who, though visibly shaken by outcome, refused to modify their approach concerning Quebec, instead choosing to continue pursuing a policy of economic and political intervention in provincial affairs. But historic claims of Quebecers are not unreasonable, nor are they incongruous. They affirm undeniable realities that led to recognition of claims by Catalans of Spain and Scottish inside United Kingdom. Like Catalonia and Scotland, Quebec deserves its right to be different. In context of diversity, while affirming a unique cultural, social, and political identity, and establishing desire of Quebecers to remain associated with Canada, ADQ (l'Action Democratique du Quebec) was born in 1994 to undertake fight for recognition of Quebec's autonomy in an authentic confederation. Quebecers have officially and historically demonstrated on two occasions, both in 1980 and 1995, their choice for a decentralized Canadian confederation respecting spirit and letter of Canadian constitution, most notably in matters regarding jurisdiction of all levels of government. On these two occasions, Quebecers have indicated their frustration with federal government's encroachment upon Quebec's constitutional rights while also claiming Quebec's fair share of federal funds based on its share of population and its jurisdictional autonomy. For ADQ, it is not pertinent to call for more referenda. Rather than hope for a yes answer to a question to which Quebecers have already answered no twice, or worse yet, to receive a third no vote, thus further weakening Quebec, it is time to examine new approaches to advancement of Quebec's autonomy. The Autonomous Way The ADQ suggests that reinforcement of Quebec's autonomy will come about through significant political actions that enable development of a Quebec identity, both within provincial society and beyond its borders. To this end, we propose to endow Quebec with a constitution that embodies values and principles that define it. One fundamental gesture that will express attachment of Quebecers to autonomy of Quebec is designation of province as the autonomous state of Quebec. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.902
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.244
Teacher spread0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueHarvard international reviewSame topicCanadian Identity and HistoryFrench-language works237,207