Bibliographic record
Abstract
Snowpack warming is, besides loading by precipitation and wind-transport, one of the major triggers contributing to natural avalanche release. Established release mechanisms for sponta- neous slab avalanches strongly depend on deformation rates in weak layers, which are affected by temperature changes. In general, snow can adjust to low deformation rates without weakening. Once a critical rate is exceeded snow exhibits strain softening and ultimately brittle fracture. Failure of a weak layer is an important prerequisite to slab avalanche release. Critical slope parallel deformation rates may be reached in weak layers on sufficiently steep slopes due to increased creep in the overly- ing slab, which is heated by solar radiation. Using time lapse photography during the transition from cold mornings to warm sunny afternoons, we monitored vertical and slope parallel displacements of markers on a vertical snow profile on steep slopes. In a case study we present time series of dis- placements that showed increased snowpack creep and slope parallel deformation rates during solar heating of the near surface layers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".