Role of iNOS‐derived nitric oxide (NO) on hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced remote injury to the gut
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), as a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) negatively influences the function of the affected organs. In this study we assessed the potential mechanisms (role of NO) of remote intestinal inflammatory response elicited by hind limb I/R. To this end C57BL/6 (WT) and iNOS −/− mice were subjected to 1h of bilateral hind limb ischemia followed by 6h of reperfusion. Some WT mice were injected (s.c.) with iNOS inhibitor, 1400W (5mg/kg) immediately before induction of ischemia. The obtained results indicate that hind limb I/R results in dysfunction of the gut as assessed by the increase in total protein levels (Bradford assay), TNF‐a protein (ELISA) and NO (Griess reaction) in the lumen of small intestine. In addition, hind limb I/R results in an increase in leukocyte accumulation (intravital microscopy and MPO assay), TNF‐a and iNOS protein expression (Western blots) in the mucosa of small intestine. Important to note, that the most profound changes with respect to the gut dysfunction were found in jejunum and ileum, whereas duodenum was affected the least. Interfering with iNOS activity (1400W and iNOS −/− mice) significantly attenuated hind limb I/R‐induced leukocyte recruitment to the gut mucosa and dysfunction of the small intestine. Taken together these data indicate that hind limb I/R induces remote inflammatory response in the small intestine through iNOS‐derived NO dependent mechanism (HSFO‐NA5580 and MOP‐68848)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".