Oscillatory structural interactions in thin emulsion films containing micelles of ionic surfactant
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We study thin aqueous films sandwiched between two oil phases. The system is stabilized by anionic surfactant. These films exhibit stepwise thinning (stratification), due to the presence of micellar aggregates. By means of dynamic and static light scattering we determine the hydrodynamic diameter, and the aggregation number of the micelles. Using effective micellar volume fraction, we calculate the contribution of the oscillatory stuctural forces to the energy of interaction between the two film surfaces. Adding also the van der Waals and the electrostatic interactions, we are able to predict the contact angles of films which contain one layer of micelles inside. These angles are measured by interferometry, and the obtained experimental values agree very well with the theoretical estimates. It is proved that the oscillatory stuctural energy dominates in the total energy of interaction. The addition of electrolyte leads to smaller contact angles. This is explained by the fact that at higher salt content the effective micellar diameter (and volume fraction) decreases due to shrinkage of the electric double layer around each micelle. Therefore, the magnitude of the oscillatory stuctural energy diminishes, thus reducing the overall attraction and the contact angle. Experiments with batch emulsions confirm that the micelles play a stabilizing role: at higher surfactant concentration the rate of creaming is lower. The repulsive maxima in the oscillatory energy of interaction can serve as potential barriers which impede the process of flocculation and lead to more loosely packed clusters of droplets.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it