Knowledge of, attitude towards, and prevalence of tobacco use among dental students in Himachal Pradesh State, India.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and knowledge of and attitude towards cessation counselling among dental students in Himachal Pradesh State, India. METHOD: The present study was conducted with the 219 third-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students in the five dental colleges of Himachal Pradesh during the month of March 2012. The Global Health Professional Students Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Canadian Public Health Association, was used in this study. The data were evaluated using statistical software and statistically tested with the chi-square test. RESULTS: The response was 210 (96%). Lifetime prevalence was 15% for smoking and 2% for tobacco use other than for smoking. Eighteen (9%) students were current smokers and four (2%) were tobacco users other than for smoking. Male students were significantly (P<0.001) more likely than female students to be current cigarette smokers. Approximately 14 (47%) of sometime smokers had smoked on school property and two (50%) of the sometime users of other tobacco products had used those products on school property. As for attitudes, 169 (85%) felt that health professionals serve as role models for their patients and the public. Only 17 (8.5%) of surveyed students had received formal instruction in smoking-cessation approaches during their training and 167 (84.3%) thought that health professionals should receive specific training on cessation techniques. CONCLUSION: Although the current prevalence of tobacco use among third-year dental students in Himachal Pradesh is low, it still needs to be addressed by providing them with the necessary skills and support to quit smoking successfully and to provide counselling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".