Role of Oxidative Stress in Parity‐Induced Endothelial Dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide variety of degenerative states including cardiovascular disease. There is now considerable evidence to suggest that there is increased oxidative burden during pregnancy. But it is not clear whether, in the long‐term , this oxidative burden is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease in older women. We examined the effect of parity on coronary artery function and on vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The experiments were done on multiparous and age‐matched virgin rats. Vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in small coronary arteries using wire myography in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 100 U/ml). ROS formation was measured using the chemoluminescent luminol derivative L‐012. There was reduced ACh‐mediated maximal relaxation in coronary arteries from multiparous rats (Parous: 49.2%±2.9; Virgins: 94.6%±3.1; P<0.05). This effect was associated with oxidative stress as indicated by increased superoxide anion formation (Parous: 3.9±0.6 URL; Virgins: 1.4±0.5 URL). Incubation with 100U/ml SOD for 30 min improved maximal vascular relaxation to ACh (Parous: 76.6%±3.1). Coronary arteries from both groups relaxed similarly to sodium nitroprusside. These data suggest that parity induces coronary endothelial dysfunction through decreased nitric oxide availability and increased ROS formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".