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Record W5378779

Propellant residues deposition from firing of AT4 rockets

2009· article· en· W5378779 on OpenAlex
Michael R. Walsh, Marianne E. Walsh, Sonia Thiboutot, Guy Ampleman, Jeffrey Bryant

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThis Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicRocket and propulsion systems research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPropellantEnvironmental scienceRocket (weapon)SnowDeposition (geology)Atmospheric sciencesAerospace engineeringMeteorologyPhysicsGeologyEngineering
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract : Military live-fire training missions utilize a variety of energetic materials that are never completely consumed during firing. In March 2009, tests were conducted at Fort Richardson, Alaska, to determine the residues related to the firing of AT4 anti-armor shoulder-fired rockets. Six rockets were fired from the same firing position on the snow-covered range. Replicate multi-increment samples were collected from the snow surface behind and downrange of the firing point in each of eight decision units. Samples were analyzed and results composited to derive an estimate of the mass of unreacted energetics. Total estimated per-round deposition rate of nitroglycerin (NG) for the M136 AT4 rocket is 95 g/round, or 73% of the original NG load. This indicates that the propellant burn efficiency for the AT4 is poor, with much propellant not consumed during firing. In subsequent May 2009 samples, we found approximately one-third of the NG had leached out of the propellant fragments since March. Large propellant strip segments collected in May contained 67% of the nominal NG of the original propellant, and we hypothesize that even more had leached from the more numerous, smaller segments. Canadian tests of the similar Carl Gustav rocket also indicate high rates (> 14%) of unburned propellants.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.470
Threshold uncertainty score0.878

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.212 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it