Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adsorption of insoluble surfactants, spread as a monolayer at the gas-solution interface (GS), onto an electrified metal-solution (MS) interface of a gold single-crystal electrode has been investigated. A Langmuir trough converted into an electrochemical cell was employed in these studies and the adsorption of insoluble surfactants on the Au electrode surface was measured using electrochemical techniques. The results of these experiments have shown that the transfer of insoluble surfactants from GS onto the MS interface is strongly affected by the electrode potential and the transfer ratio is 1:1 only at the potential of zero charge (pzc). UV-Vis and light scattering experiments were employed to demonstrate that insoluble surfactants may be desorbed from the electrode surface at very negative potentials. The desorbed surfactants are trapped in the subsurface region in the form of aggregates, most likely micelles. When the electrode potential is changed to a value close to pzc the micelles spread back onto the electrode surface. The potential induced adsorption of micelles proceeds through a hemimicelle stage. We have shown that the shape and size of the hemimicelle may be conveniently controlled by the electrode potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".