Plant sterols consumed in low‐fat yogurt as a snack lower cholesterol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) consumed as a snack may not have the same cholesterol‐lowering potential as when consumed with a meal due to poorer solubilization. It was hypothesized that consumption of single‐dose low‐fat yogurt rich in PS (1.6 g/d) with a meal, vs. as an afternoon snack within a low‐fat diet, will lead to favourable changes in blood lipids without negatively affecting fat‐soluble vitamins and carotenoids. Twenty‐six hyperlipidemic males and females completed the randomized trial of three phases including: control, evening PS dose consumed with a meal, or afternoon PS dose as a snack. Endpoint total cholesterol (TC) (5.30±0.18 mmol/L, −10.41%) levels after the PS snack phase were decreased (p=0.04) compared to the control phase (5.53±0.18 mmol/L, −3.41%). However, endpoints for TC (5.37±0.15 mmol/L, −6.74%) for evening PS dose with a meal decreased non‐significantly compared to control phase. Low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol tended to be different (p=0.06) at the end of the treatment phases (3.51±0.13 (−0.87%), 3.43±0.12 (−5.02%), and 3.33±0.14 mmol/L (−9.56%); control, evening and snack, respectively). In addition, no decreases in fat‐soluble vitamins or carotenoids were detected after adjusting for TC. Results indicate that a single dose low‐fat PS yogurt as snack lowers cholesterol and is safe when consumed as part of a healthy low‐fat diet in hyperlipidemic subjects. Funding by Danone Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".