Prospective phase I study on testicular castration induced by radiation treatment.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Surgery and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs are standard androgen deprivation treatments (ADT) for patients with advanced prostate cancer. We performed a phase I study to explore if irradiation to the testes could be used as an alternative to ADT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients had advanced prostate cancer with normal testosterone levels before treatment and indication for long term castration. Treatment started with one LHRH analog injection (to induce a fast drop of testosterone) followed by irradiation to the whole scrotum. Two fractionation regimens were tested: 17 Gy in 2 fractions, and 24 Gy in 3 fractions. Hormonal blood evaluation was performed before and every 3 months after radiotherapy. Toxicity was evaluated at each visit by the CTCv3 scoring system. This was an IRB approved prospective study. RESULTS: The first three patients received 17 Gy in 2 fractions. None of them developed acute or late skin toxicity and none became castrated, keeping normal levels of testosterone during the time they were followed at 11, 24 and 36 months post-radiotherapy. Another four patients received 24 Gy in 3 fractions. Two developed grade 1 temporary acute dermatitis and, again, none of them became castrated during follow up of 11-36 months. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective studies assessing the effect of the Leydig cells after direct irradiation to the testes are rare. The two radiotherapy regimens used in this study were well tolerated, but not capable of causing castration after 11-36 months of follow up. It is not yet clear whether radiation treatment can effectively induce castration in men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".