Anatomic investigation of the origin and distribution of the internal pudendal artery in female cadavers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A formal understanding of female sexual anatomy is crucial for the evaluation and treatment of sexual dysfunction. Despite the higher prevalence of female compared to male dysfunction, there are limited investigations concerning the anatomy of female genital vasculature. In fact, a literature search on the internal pudendal artery (IPA), a vessel supplying the erectile tissue, found only 3 of 15 papers discussed female anatomy; and these focused on uterine arteries. A study of the IPA in female cadavers is long overdue and is lagging 30 years behind comparable male studies. The purpose of this study is to dissect and compare the architecture of the IPA bilaterally, with respect to vessel origin and distribution. Cadavers were selected based on quality of fixation and cause of death (COD); ie: vascular COD omitted. In most (4/5), the IPA was a branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac within the true pelvis. In one, a gluteopudendal trunk arose directly from the common iliac and the IPA did not start until the gluteopudendal trunk exited the true pelvis at the sacrotuberous ligament in another female. No consistent branching pattern was observed between or within subjects and there was substantial bilateral heterogeneity to the vasculature. These results indicate that the origin and distribution of the IPA is highly variable both within and between subjects. Research support source: Schulich Research Scholarship. Grant Funding Source Schulich Graduate Scholarship
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".