Newly Developed GFRP Dowel Bars for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Corrosion of steel dowels in jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) reduces their effective service-life and creates considerable maintenance and repair expenditures. Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) dowel bars are a non-corrodible and maintenance-free alternative that will potentially reduce the life-cycle cost of JPCP, especially in harsh environmental conditions. This paper describes the performance of the newly developed GFRP dowels under static loading and compares their behavior with that of the epoxy-coated steel dowels. GFRP and epoxy-coated steel dowels were used for jointed pavement prototypes (slab/joint) and were tested under laboratory conditions. The test prototypes measured 2440 mm-long × 610 mm-width × 254 mm-depth. The slabs were cast with a butted joint and each test prototype contained two dowel bars spaced at 306 mm. The test parameters included: (i) dowel bar type (GFRP and epoxy-coated steel), and (ii) dowel bar diameter (34.9 mm and 38.1 mm for GFRP and 28.6 mm for epoxy-coated steel). The test results revealed that both 34.9 and 38.1 mm GFRP dowels showed similar crack pattern and failure mode as epoxy-coated steel ones. Besides, both 34.9 and 38.1 mm GFRP dowels showed higher joint effectiveness than that of the 28.6 mm steel dowels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".