Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act--A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) is the largest public works bill in U.S. history. This article provides a brief introduction to SAFETEA-LU, highlighting its highway bridge program. The highway bridge program provides funding to enable states to improve the condition of their highway bridges through replacement, rehabilitation and preventative maintenance. The eligible use of funds is expanded under SAFETEA-LU to include systematic preventative maintenance on federal-aid and non-federal-aid highway systems. States may carry out projects for the installation of scour countermeasures or systematic preventative maintenance without regard to whether the bridge is eligible for replacement or rehabilitation. SAFETEA-LU authorizes the highway bridge program at $25.6 billion over 6 years, a 25.5% increase over previous funding. SAFETEA-LU continues a set-aside of not less than 15% of the amount apportioned to each state in each fiscal year for use on bridge projects that are not on federal-aid highways. Funds are distributed according to the existing formula based on each state's relative share of the total cost to repair or replace deficient highway bridges. Much of the financing of surface transportation projects under SAFETEA-LU comes from federal gas tax revenue that is deposited in the Highway Trust Fund. This system leaves many needed projects unfunded, leading project owners to explore some innovative financing mechanisms outside of SAFETEA-LU to pay for needed transportation infrastructure projects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.085 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".