Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Avocatin B is a mixture of two 17-carbon polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs): avocadene (1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-ene; C 17 H 34 O 3 ) and avocadyne (1,2,4trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne; C 17 H 32 O 3 ).First discovered in avocado seed, their quantity in pulp is unknown.Analytical methods to detect avocado seed PFAs have utilized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and GC-MS, both of which are limited in quantitative capacity, sensitivity, and accuracy.The objective of this study was to develop and validate an LC-MS method to detect and quantify amounts of avocadene and avocadyne in Hass avocado seed and pulp matter.Method: A commercially available standard of avocatin B was used to ascertain the exact mass of avocadene and avocadyne molecular ions (MS) and their subsequent fragmentation (MS/MS) in positive electrospray ionization mode in a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer.The fragmentation peaks [M + H -H 2 O] + of avocadene and avocadyne were most intense and enabled the development of a sensitive high mass resolution UHPLC-MS method for quantification. Results:The method has a reliable and linear response range of 0.1-50 µM (0.03-17.2 ng/µL) for both avocadene and avocadyne (r 2 > 0.990) with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.1 µM.The intra-and interassay accuracy and precision of the quality control (QC) samples at LLOQ showed ≤18.2% percentage error and ≤14.4% coefficient of variation (CV).The intraand interassay accuracy and precision for QC samples at low and high concentrations were well below 10% percentage error and CV.This method was successfully applied to quantify avocadene and avocadyne in total lipid extracts of Hass avocado pulp and seed matter.The results showed that the average amounts in the dry weight of one Hass avocado pulp and seed, respectively, were 59.05 ± 16.40 and 60.35 ± 30.23 mg for avocadyne and 117.50 ± 52.53 and 70.92 ± 31.69 mg for avocadene.Conclusions: Avocatin B possesses potent anticancer activity by selectively targeting and eliminating leukemia stem cells.This work demonstrates that avocadene and avocadyne are found in appreciable quantities in pulp and seeds of Hass avocados, the most cultivated and widely consumed variety of avocados in the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.144 | 0.133 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".