Potential for treatment of age‐related muscle atrophy by exogenous nitric oxide and exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In adult muscle, activation of satellite cells (SCs) is required for muscle maintenance, growth and repair. SCs are activated in response to exercise, stretch, trauma, denervation and nitric oxide (NO). The muscle response to exercise is age‐dependant and muscle‐specific and may be a factor in age‐related muscle atrophy. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of treatment with an NO‐donor isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and exercise on muscle mass, SC activation (DNA synthesis), NOS‐I and β‐dystroglycan and fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) on muscle in 18‐month‐old mice. Mice between 18–19 mo of age were divided into 6 groups to study effects of ISDN (0, 3 and 6 weeks) with and without exercise for the first 3 weeks of the experiment. Groups had 4–8 mice. Results in quadriceps muscle showed that ISDN treatment combined with exercise increased muscle mass, fiber CSA, and the protein‐expression ratio of NOS‐I/β‐dystroglycan. ISDN for 6 wks also produced the greatest increase in SC activation. These findings show that combining NO treatment and exercise has the potential to combat age‐related muscle atrophy. Supported by the Canadian Space Agency: Life Sciences
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".