WAAS IN CANADA : AUGMENTED GLOBAL POSITIONING SATELLITE SIGNALS PROMISE IMPROVED NAVIGATION IN CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NAV Canada and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced in September of 2004 that NAV Canada will host and maintain four ground monitoring stations, which will enable the airspace to have access to Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) signals, improved Global Positioning System (GPS) navigational devices and improved runway approach systems. WAAS offers positioning accuracy to within about two meters throughout a flight, its most publicized capability is on the approach, where positional accuracy is critical. Aircraft using GPS/WAAS signals will be able to be located vertically and laterally within two meter, with very high reliability. By contrast, GPS approaches rely on on-board equipment for vertical location and so are considered non-precision. The FAA calls this new level of service, lateral precision, vertical guidance (LPV). It is also close to the CAT-1 minimums for approaches. WAAS approaches can be tailored to any runway, but justification needs to be made for the design of one. Increased usability is a generally accepted benchmark. Future developments in WAAS depend on how and if the system is supported by additional operators, including the International Air Transport Association. Supporters expect it to eventually catch on, just as GPS supported approaches did starting in 1994.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".