"Avalanche", "arTitudes", "Interfunktionen", 1968-1977 : trois trajectoires critiques au coeur des revues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historically Avalanche (New York), arTitudes (Paris/St-Jeannet) and Interfunktionen (Cologne) take place between 1968 and 1977: dates of birth of the first of the three magazines (Interfunktionen), and of the disappearance of the last (arTitudes international). As manifestos of an art of the concept, of the body and of action, these three magazines evolve respectively in the ephemeral in the United States; in a French context which, with New Realism in particular, begins to break away from the School of Paris, under the pen of François Pluchart; and in a German context led by the representatives of Fluxus to whom Interfunktionen owes its origin. This study offers a genealogy of the main art magazines and journals which animate the "revueistic" landscape of the 1960s and 1970s. This history resituates the place occupied by Studio international (London), Artforum (New York), Chroniques d'art living (Paris), but also Flash art (Milan/Rome), art press (Paris), Parachute (Montreal). . . These magazines represent the means of disseminating thought on art embodied by the personality of their founders and their main collaborators. Avalanche, arTitudes and Interfunktionen illustrate in this "revueistic" landscape three instruments of information and documentation on current events also modeled by the career of their young founders. In Avalanche, Willoughby Sharp reveals himself as a mediator close to artists and attentive to communication models, then an "artist in residence" in the pages of his magazine. In artitudes; F. Pluchart publishes his pen as a committed chronicler, the highlights of a critical, sociological and corporeal art. Finally Friedrich W. Heubach launched Interfunktionen in the artistic context of a Germany in crisis in 1968. His manifestos and his writings invite a more critical and theoretical vision of art and reality. This research takes stock of the surveys and summaries carried out on the journals during their lifetime in Nurs. It questions the history of art of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as publishing and artist's books, as well as art criticism and the debates on art which animate an era during which a new generation of authors and young critics takes over (C. Harrison, R. Krauss, A. Michelson, C. Pontbriand, C. Millet, G. Celant, etc.).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".