Citizenship and immigrant incorporation : comparative perspectives on North America and Western Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Y.Michal Bodemann PART I: THE CHANGING NATURE OF MIGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA The Changing Nature of Migration in the 21st Century: Implications for Integration Strategies A.Zolberg The Economic Adaptation of Past and Present Immigrants: Lessons from a Comparative-Historical Approach E.Morawska Citizenship and Pluralism: Multiculturalism in a World of Global Migration I.Bloemraad PART II: DIASPORA, RELIGION AND COUNTER-TRADITIONS Islam and Multicultural Societies: A Transatlantic Comparison J.Cesari The Changing Contours of Immigrant Religious Life P.Levitt Crafting an Identity in the Diaspora: Iranian Immigrants in the United States V.M.Moghadam PART III: IMMIGRANT WORKERS AND THE NATION-STATE Nation-State Building Projects and the Politics of Transnational Migration: Locating Salvadoran Migrants in Canada, the United States and El Salvador P.Landolt Freedom to Discriminate: National State Sovereignty and Temporary Visa Workers in North America N.Sharma Professionals and Saints: How Post-Soviet Immigrants Do Home-Care Work C.Solari PART IV: IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION INTO SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 'We Are Together Strong'?: The Unhappy Marriage between Migrant Associations and Trade Unions in Germany G.Yurdakul Liberal Values and Illiberal Cultures: The Question of Sharia Tribunals in Ontario D.Forbes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".