Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pervious concrete pavement offers benefits to transportation and environmental engineers. The ability of pervious concrete pavement to drain water from the surface reduces demand on the stormwater management system and decreases or eliminates runoff. The elimination of runoff is beneficial to the surrounding area by reducing pollution and preventing heated water from entering water sources. The light color and open structure of pervious concrete pavement also decreases the likeliness of the development of heat island effects which are often caused by dark surfaces such as parking lots. Pervious concrete pavement has traditionally been used in warm climates that do not experience freeze-thaw cycling. The pavement structure determines if water will infiltrate naturally into the subgrade or be moved away from the pervious concrete pavement area. The ability of pervious concrete pavement to rejuvenate the local ground water and support vegetation is beneficial, especially in urban environments. Research is currently on going at the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT) in partnership with the Cement Association of Canada (CAC) and industry members throughout Canada. The outcome of this project will include a design, construction and maintenance guide for the use of pervious concrete pavement in freeze-thaw climates, focusing on Canada. This paper outlines many applications for using pervious concrete pavement to achieve sustainability. Findings from numerous test sites in Canada are included. The drainage rate of pervious concrete pavement is high in comparison to the maximum rainfall rate that is experienced throughout Canada. Considering this, pervious concrete pavement has many applications where it can be implemented to handle runoff or drainage from a larger impervious surface area. Various applications of pervious concrete pavement and the associated benefits and challenges are outlined in this paper. Pervious concrete pavement offers many benefits but should be used in suitable applications. Current test sites within Canada are presented as well as other applications for pervious concrete pavement. Applications can result in increased sustainability through environmental, societal and economic benefits
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".