Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Titanium (IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Di-(2- Ethylhexyl)-Phosphoric Acid
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distribution of titanium (IV) between aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions and solutions of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in kerosene or benzene has been investigated under different conditions. Infrared spectral measurement was made of the organic extract. As the results, it is found that the extraction of titanium (IV) at low aqueous acidity ([HCl] ≤ 3 mol dm-3) is governed by cation-exchange reaction and at higher acidity ([HCl] ≥ 3 mol dm-3) by a solvating reaction. At low acidity, the monomeric species is formed when the DEHPA is present in excess, but the extraction at higher titanium concentration proceeds in the reaction involving the formation of polymeric species.From the extraction study under non-equilibrium conditions it is confirmed that the extraction at low and higher aqueous acidities is progressed by the SN1 mechanism.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it