Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes how the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in 1967 by five member countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. It is one of the most successful regional groupings among developed countries to date. Among developing countries, it is one of the most successful regional groupings. The Association was later joined by five more countries, Brunei in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. In 2005, the region hosts a combined population of 580 million, making it the most populous emerging market regional trade area. ASEAN has made great efforts in liberalizing trade within the region under the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA). Tariffs between member were reduced 0-5% in January 2003 for all products, except a few on the general exception and sensitive list of each member country. Intra-regional trade now stands at roughly a quarter of the region’s total international trade. The region has also been forging closer economic ties with the rest of Asia. It has signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China and South Korea and is working on one with Japan and India.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".