Effect of Body Weight on the Disposition of Flunixin Meglumine and Gentamicin in Miniature Horses and Quarter Horses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In most species, large variations in body size necessitate dose adjustments based on an allometric function of body weight. Despite the substantial disparity in body size between Miniature Horses and light-breed horses, there are no studies investigating appropriate dosing of any veterinary drug in Miniature Horses. The purpose of this study was primarily to develop a basis for pharmacologic scaling in the horse, and to determine the scaling exponents with which flunixin meglumine and gentamicin relate to body weight in the horse. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the current status of the therapeutic monitoring of gentamicin in the United States and Canada. To investigate pharmacologic scaling, a standard dose of flunixin meglumine was administered intravenously to eight Miniature Horses and eight Quarter Horses, and three-compartmental analysis was used to compare pharmacokinetic parameters between breed groups. The total body clearance of flunixin was 0.97�0.30 mL/min/kg in Miniature Horses and 1.04�0.27 mL/min/kg in Quarter Horses. Similarly, a standard dose of gentamicin was administered intravenously to eight Miniature Horses and eight Quarter Horses, and three-compartmental analysis was used to compare pharmacokinetic parameters between breeds. The total body clearance of gentamicin components C1a, C2, C1, and summed components was 0.68�0.15 mL/min/kg, 0.69�0.16 mL/min/kg, 0.72�0.17 mL/min/kg, and 0.71�0.16 mL/min/kg respectively in Miniature Horses and 0.59�0.10 mL/min/kg, 0.61�0.09 mL/min/kg, 0.62�0.10 mL/min/kg, and 0.62�0.09 mL/min/kg respectively in Quarter Horses. There were no significant differences between Miniature Horses and Quarter Horses in clinically significant pharmacokinetic parameters (P>0.05) for either flunixin meglumine or gentamicin. An email-based survey disseminated to each of the veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada revealed that 42% of respondents currently perform therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides, with an average of 3.9 samples annually. The majority of veterinary TDM is performed in equine medicine. The fact that TDM is performed infrequently in veterinary teaching hospitals is at odds with the importance of TDM for aminoglycosides as demonstrated in human medicine. In conclusion, both flunixin meglumine and gentamicin may be administered to Miniature Horses at the same dose rates used typically in light-breed horses, with similar recommendations for TDM of gentamicin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".