Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2004, a new bridge was built to cross the Potomac River between West Virginia and Maryland. This article describes the environmental, stakeholder and construction challenges of this project. The new bridge replaces a 1937 structure that was severely deteriorated. West Virginia and Maryland jointly own the new three-span, two-lane structure. The environmental obstacles included a four-month span in which no work could be done in the river due to fish spawning season. Asbestos and lead paint on the old bridge also required proper demolition and disposal. Since the new bridge was close to a historic canal, the National Park Service mandated several project modifications designed to protect canal and trail access for visitors. Because the new bridge profile is 14 ft higher than the old, the approach fills encroached on the old bridge approaches during construction, which presented a challenge since the old bridge had to stay open to traffic until the new bridge was completed. Pedestrian traffic also had to be accommodated during the entire construction process. A causeway in the contractor's work plan was inundated three times by high water from hurricanes. Despite these challenges, the new bridge was successfully completed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.119 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".