Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper was presented at the session titled 'Risk management in the roads sector - geometric design'. Modern roundabouts have been in widespread use in Europe and in Australia for many years; however, their introduction into North America came much later. Interest in roundabouts has grown rapidly in the United States during the past few years, but has only recently caught the attention of Canadian organisations. Many municipal engineers and even traffic experts are, however, reluctant to implement roundabouts. Roundabouts of the past, or rather traffic circles, had their share of critics, rendering their rebirth and the refocusing of interest in this area difficult. It is important to differentiate the modern roundabout from the traffic circle of the past. The objective of this paper is to distinguish the differences between the two and to eliminate misperceptions associated with roundabouts in terms of capacity and operating characteristics. To begin, an historical review of modern roundabout development is presented. Traffic experts often compare roundabouts to signalized intersections or to 4-way stop intersections. These three intersection types will be compared on several levels, focusing on safety, capacity, and how they fit into the urban planner's context. The results of well-accepted methods of capacity analysis will be presented. A few roundabouts designed for municipalities within the Montreal region will serve as references during this presentation, and their conceptual design plans will be given to those present. In conclusion, it illustrates the signing used in this first roundabout in Eastern Canada and will review its history. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD number E200883. (A)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".