Characterization of Leachate from a Woodwaste Pile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Leachate was generated when precipitation percolated through a pile of woodwaste, including trimmings, off-specification wood chips, shredded bark and roots, and sawdust from several cedar processing mills. The “young” woodwaste leachate produced in the pile's placement period was amber, acidic (pH 3.4–3.7), nutrient-poor (inorganic nitrogen 1.4–3.2 mg L-1, orthophosphate 3.3–4.3 mg P L-1), of very high oxygen demand (chemical oxygen demand 12,559–14,254 mg L-1, tannin and lignin 3066–5150 mg L-1 as tannic acid, volatile fatty acids 1564–2132 mg L-1), and very toxic to aquatic life (96-h median lethal concentration of 0.74% leachate). The leachate at 1.5 years old in the closure period had lower oxygen demand and higher ammonia, and became less acidic and darker. The leachate had a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 0.33 in the placement period and 0.14 in the late closure period. Volatile fatty acids accounted for 6 to 34% chemical oxygen demand, varying as the pile developed and with woodwaste age. Tannin and lignin accounted for 33 to 45% chemical oxygen demand. More than 98% contaminants were in dissolved form. The monthly variation of leachate quality was likely a result of both temperature and precipitation. pH was significantly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, tannin and lignin, and volatile fatty acids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".