Pacemaker currents contribute to respiratory rhythmogenesis differently in rodent hibernators and non‐hibernators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neonates of all rodents share many traits that are lost as they mature to adulthood but are retained in species that hibernate, leading to the hypothesis of “hibernator as neonate.” One such trait is the ability of neonates (but not the adults of non‐hibernators) to withstand cold and to recover spontaneously from hypothermic respiratory arrest. We tested if this ontogenetic transition reflects a greater ability of neonates to recruit pacemaker currents for respiratory rhythmogenesis by examining the extent to which juvenile and sub‐adult non‐hibernators (rats) and sub‐adult hibernators (hamsters) are affected by the elimination of pacemaker currents. We applied riluzole (RIL) and flufenamic acid (FFA) to in situ arterially perfused preparations to eliminate persistent sodium (RIL) and non‐specific cation currents (FFA) which resulted in a decrease in the frequency of phrenic nerve activity in sub‐adult hamsters > juvenile rats > sub‐adult rats. Therefore, pacemaker currents play a greater role in rhythm generation in hamsters and neonates supporting the “hibernator as neonate” hypothesis. Supported by the NSERC of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".