Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Notes on Contributors 1. Introduction Steven French and Juha Saatisi (University of Leeds, UK) Part I: Philosophy of Science in Context 2. Philosophy of Science and Epistemology Alexander Bird (University of Bristol, UK), 3. Philosophy of Science and Metaphysics Craig Callendar (University of California, San Diego, USA) 4. Philosophy of Science and the History of Science Don Howard (University of Notre Dame, USA) Part II: Current Research and Issues A. General Issues in the Philosophy of Science 5. Scientific Realism with a Human Face Stathis Psillos (University of Athens, Greece) 6. Causation and the Sciences Ned Hall (Harvard University, USA) 7. Scientific Models and Representation Gabriele Contessa (Carleton University, USA) 8. Reducation, Multiple Realizability and Levels of Reality Sven Walter (University of Osnabrueck, Austria) and Markus Eronen 9. Explanation Henk W.de Regt (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) 10. Scientific Evidence Malcolm Forster (University of Wisconsin, USA) 11. Bayesian Confirmation Theory James Hawthorne (University of Oklahoma, USA) B. Philosophy of Particular Sciences 12. Philosophy of Physics Nick Huggett (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA) 13. Philosophy of Biology Ingo Brigandt (University of Alberta, Canada) 14. Towards a Mechanistic Philosophy of Neuroscience Carl F. Craver (Washington University, USA) and David M. Kaplan 15. Philosophy of Chemistry Robin Findlay Hendry (Durham University, UK) 16.Philosophy of Economics, Jaakko Kuorikoski and Caterina Marchionni (Finnish Centre of Excellence in Philosophy of Social Science, University of Helsinki, Finland) 17. Philosophy of Mathematics Chris Pincock (Purdue University, USA) Part III: Past and Future 18. Travelling in New Directions 19. A Brief Chronology of the Philosophy of Science Peter Vicers Part IV: Resources 20. Annotated Bibliography 21. Research Resources 221. A to Z of Key Terms and Concepts Index
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Science and technology studies Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it