Structural stability of steel : concepts and applications for structural engineers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Stability Theory. Section 1.1 Introduction. Section 1.2 Basics of Stability Behavior : The Spring-Bar System. Section 1.3 Fundamentals of Post-Buckling Behavior. Section 1.4 Snap-Through Buckling. Section 1.5 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. Section 1.6 Summary. Problems. Chapter 2: Elastic Buckling of Planar Columns. Section 2.1 Introduction. Section 2.2 Large-Deflection Solution of an Elastic Column. Section 2.3 Differential Equation of Planar Flexure. Section 2.4 The Basic Case: Pin-Ended Column. Section 2.5 The Five Fundamental Cases. Section 2.6 The Effect of Imperfections. Section 2.7 Stability of A Rigid Frame. Section 2.8 End-Restrained Columns. Section 2.9 Restrained Column Examples. Section 2.10 Continuously Restrained Columns. Section 2.11 Summary. Problems. Appendix. Chapter 3: Inelastic Column Buckling. Section 3.1 The Tangent and Reduced Modulus Concepts. Section 3.2 Shanley's Contribution. Section 3.3 Example Illustrating the Tangent Modulus and the Reduced Modulus Concepts. Section 3.4 Buckling Strength ff Steel Columns. Section 3.5 Illustration Of The Effect of Residual Stresses on the Buckling Strength of Steel Columns. Section 3.6 The Effect of Initial Out-of-Straightness and Load Eccentricity. Section 3.7 Design Formulas For Metal Columns. Section 3.8 Summary. Problems. Chapter 4: Beam-Columns. Section 4.1 Introduction. Section 4.2 General Discussion Of The Behavior Of Beam-Columns. Section 4.3 The Elastic In-Plane Behavior Of Beam-Columns. Section 4.4 Elastic Limit Interaction Relationships. Section 4.5 Example Problems Of Beam-Column Strength. Section 4.6 Systematic Methods Of Analysis: Flexibility Method. Section 4.7 Systematic Methods Of Analysis: The Stiffness Method. Section 4.8 Inelastic Strength Of Beam-Columns. Section 4.9 Design Of Beam-Columns. Problems. Chapter 5: Frame-Stability. Section 5.1 Introduction. Section 5.2 Two-Bay Frame Examples. Section 5.3 Summary. Problems. Chapter 6: Lateral-Torsional Buckling. Section 6.1 Introduction. Section 6.2 Basic Case: Beams Subjected To Uniform Moment. Section 6.3 The Effect Of Boundary Conditions. Section 6.4 The Effect Of Loading Conditions. Section 6.5 Lateral-Torsional Buckling Of Singly-Symmetric Cross Sections. Section 6.6 Beam-Columns And Columns. Section 6.7 Inelastic Lateral-Torsional Buckling. Section 6.8 Summary. Problems. Chapter 7: Bracing. Section 7.1 Introduction. Section 7.2 Discrete bracing. Section 7.3 Relative Bracing. Section 7.4 Lean-on Bracing. Section 7.5 Effects of Imperfections. Section 7.6 Column Bracing Provisions. Section 7.7 Beam Bracing. Section 7.8 AISC Design Provisions for Beam Bracing. Section 7.9 Summary. Suggested Reading. Problems. Chapter 8: Specification - Based Applications of Stability in Steel Design. Section 8.1 Introduction. Section 8.2 Development of the beam-column interaction equations. Section 8.3 Assessment of Column Strength. Section 8.4 Assessment of beam strength. Section 8.5 Specification Based Approaches for Stability Assessment. Section 8.6 Effective Length Factors, aka K-factors. Section 8.7 Design Assessment Example. Section 8.8 Frame Design Requirements in Canada and Europe. Section 8.9 Summary. Problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".