Evaluation and Comparison of Sulfate Anions Removal from Artificial and Industrial Wastewaters by Nanofiltration Process in a Laboratory Scale
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the performance of a nanofiltration process in sulfate anion reduction from artificial and industrial wastewaters was investigated. For this purpose, the effects of pressure, temperature, and volume flow rate and sulfate concentration of feed were studied. In order to prepare artificial wastewater (i.e. Sodium Sulfate) and to adjust the pH of the feed, both Sodium Hydroxide and Acetic Acid were used. The concentration of sulfate in the artificial wastewater was in the range of the industrial one (i.e. 400~500 ppm) and the pressure range, which had the most important influence on retention, was between 138~552kPa. In order to organize the experiments and obtain a specific procedure to perform the required tests, Minintab 16 software has been utilizes. The results showed that the reduction of sulfate anions, which had bivalent charge with big molecule size, occurred at high level of 96~99%. Higher pressure and temperature led to increase in this retention rate, while it reduced at high level of sulfate concentration in the feed. The condition in which the pressure, temperature, and feed flow rate were respectively 50345 kPa, 25ºCand 4L/min were indicated as the optimum condition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it