MR frequency differentiates MS lesion severity (P6.114)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) frequency shift (FS) imaging to differentiate MS lesion subtypes. BACKGROUND: MR imaging is an important tool in MS diagnosis and research. However, traditional MR outcomes fail to correlate with patients’ clinical status. This discrepancy might be associated with the failure of current MR techniques to describe lesion pathology fully. New high-resolution imaging tools that are sensitive to myelin could improve monitoring of patients and treatment effects. We hypothesize that MR frequency shifts are sensitive to changes in myelin, and will provide new information about lesion pathology. DESIGN/METHODS: 25 relapsing-remitting MS patients (age range 21-54 years; median EDSS 2) participating in a phase III randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a were scanned at 3T at baseline before treatment initiation. We measured MR FS, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and T1 values for 568 T2-hyperintense/T1-isointense lesions, 139 T2-hyperintense/T1-hypointense, and 16 Gad-enhancing lesions. RESULTS: FS and MTR were partially correlated across the different lesion types (Spearman r<0.35). MTR was strongly correlated with T1 in both T1-isointense (r=0.74) and T1-hypointense (r=0.66) lesions; FS did not correlate as strongly with T1 (r<0.23). T1-hypointense lesions differed significantly (p<0.005) from T1-isointense lesions for both FS (mean values [ppb]: T1-hypointense lesions:2.08; T1-isointense lesions:0.944) and MTR (mean: T1-hypointense lesions:35.0; T1-isointense lesions:36.6), but FS showed a much larger mean difference (75[percnt]) between lesion types than MTR (5[percnt]). MTR also significantly differentiated enhancing lesions (mean value 33.6) from other lesions (6[percnt], p=0.01) while FS did not. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency shift imaging provides independent information to that provided by MTR and may be less sensitive to the effects of water (T1). FS add further quantification of the severity of tissue damage when comparing T1-isointense to T1-hypointense lesions at high-spatial resolution. Study Supported by: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".