Abstract 224: Effective Chest Compressions Are Related to Gender and Body Mass Index
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on effective chest compressions. This prospective, single-center study examined the relationship between a provider's gender and body mass index (BMI) to chest compression depth and rate during CPR. Method: After informed consent, 84 medical students were tested for a continuous period of 2 minutes on a simulator (Laerdal Advanced Resusci Annie with PC Skills Reporter) that automatically measured depth and rate of chest compressions. Data collected included average rate and depth and the rate and depth for the first and last 30 seconds of 2 minutes of CPR. Statistical analysis was performed using a Two-Sample T-test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, Pearson and Spearman correlations. Adequate depth (38-51 mm) and rate (90-110 compressions/minute) were based on 2005 AHA guidelines. Results: During the first 30 seconds of CPR, males were more effective than females in administering sufficient compression depth (p=0.0006); a positive correlation was found between compression depth and height (p=0.0203), weight (p=0.0002) and BMI (p value < 0.0001). Similar positive correlations were also found between average adequate depth of chest compressions with BMI (p=0.0039) and weight (p=0.0176). During the last 30 seconds of CPR there was a positive correlation between compression depth and BMI (p=0.0256); however males were 3.58 times more likely than females to continue administering chest compressions for the full 2 minutes and those who completed had a higher median BMI, height and weight. All providers achieved an adequate compression rate. Conclusion: BMI and gender have a significant effect on initial chest compression depth and on the duration of continued CPR, but not on compression rate. Smaller people may have a more difficult time achieving adequate depth of compressions during CPR and may require more frequent rotations to maintain good cardiac output. The new AHA Guidelines may exaggerate this difference due to deeper compression recommendations. Further studies are needed to determine the effect on different patient or provider sizes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".