Impacts of Cyclical Downturns on the Third Pillar of the RIS and Policy Responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores impacts of recessions on private pensions and retirement savings in Canada. We estimate that the 2008-09 recession saw declines in average family wealth and retirement assets of 11% and 14% respectively. Average wealth recovered by the end of 2010, but retirement assets remained 2% lower than before the recession. Losses were higher for those more exposed to the stock market, such as older workers and retirees with DC pension plans or large RRSPs. Without the recovery the recession would have reduced expected retirement income of future retirees by averages of 3.4% and 11.0% for DB and DC plans respectively. In order to analyze unemployment and early retirement effects, the paper examines a hypothetical economy with a recession once a decade. For DB plans, unemployment caused by recessions can reduce pensions by up to 25% if it strikes late and reduces final average pay. Early retirement may reduce DB pensions up to 50%. Overall, effects tend to be smaller with DC plans, but early career unemployment or early retirement can have substantial impacts. Enhancing CPP/QPP is compared with wide adoption of Pooled RPPs (PRPPs). Expected retirement income is higher with PRPPs but so is risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".