Effects of temperature and plane of nutrition on beta-adrenergic receptors in heart, kidney, and liver of lambs.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We determined the effects of temperature and feed intake on beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-adrenoceptors) in tissues of sheep. Twenty-four lambs were exposed during three 5-wk periods to either thermoneutral, control (W; 23+/-2 degrees C) or cold (C; 0+/-2 degrees C) temperatures and were fed either ad libitum (A) or restricted (R) levels of feed intake, resulting in four treatment groups: WA, WR, CA, and CR. Hearts, kidneys, and livers were harvested at slaughter and binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to plasma membrane extracts was used to determine densities (B(MAX)) and binding affinities (Kd) of beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors. The B(MAX) values ranged from 12.10 to 201.26 and 3.38 to 12.30 fmol/mg protein for beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors, respectively; heart and kidney had the highest and lowest values, respectively. Feed restriction reduced (P < .05) beta1 and beta2 receptor densities in heart but increased (P < .05) beta1 receptor density in kidney and liver. Cold temperature exposure reduced beta1 receptor density in heart tissue during feed restriction. The Kd values, ranging from 1.32 to 5.98 nM, were increased (P < .05) by cold exposure and feed restriction in kidney and liver. Because the effectiveness of hormones is a function of their concentrations, binding affinities, and their receptor densities, these results imply that cold temperature exposure and feed restriction could potentially reduce (in heart) and increase (in kidney and liver) metabolic responsiveness of tissues to catecholamines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".