Elevated\nExposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons\nand Other Organic Mutagens in Ottawa Firefighters Participating in\nEmergency, On-Shift Fire Suppression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Occupational\nexposures to combustion emissions were examined in\nOttawa Fire Service (OFS) firefighters. Paired urine and dermal wipe\nsamples (i.e., pre- and post-event) as well as personal air samples\nand fire event questionnaires were collected from 27 male OFS firefighters.\nA total of 18 OFS office workers were used as additional controls.\nExposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic\nmutagens were assessed by quantification of urinary PAH metabolite\nlevels, levels of PAHs in dermal wipes and personal air samples, and\nurinary mutagenicity using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay (Ames\ntest). Urinary Clara Cell 16 (CC16) and 15-isoprostane F<sub>2t</sub> (8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub>) levels were used to assess lung injury\nand overall oxidative stress, respectively. The results showed significant\n2.9- to 5.3-fold increases in average post-event levels of urinary\nPAH metabolites, depending on the PAH metabolite (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Average post-event levels of urinary mutagenicity\nshowed a significant, event-related 4.3-fold increase (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Urinary CC16 and 8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub> did\nnot increase. PAH concentrations in personal air and on skin accounted\nfor 54% of the variation in fold changes of urinary PAH metabolites\n(<i>p</i> < 0.002). The results indicate that emergency,\non-shift fire suppression is associated with significantly elevated\nexposures to combustion emissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".