Physical Activity and Psychiatric Hospitalizations among Canadian Adolescents and Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study Utilizing Record Linkage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Overwhelming evidence suggests that physical activity in adolescence promotes mental health and prevents mental illness; however, fewer studies have examined these effects in young adults. Furthermore, there is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between physical activity and utilization of mental health services. This study aimed to address these gaps and provide meaningful information for the promotion of physical activity in Canada.Objective: To utilize nationally linked datasets and explore the longitudinal associations between physical activity among Canadian adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 12-24 years) and incidence of psychiatric hospitalizations.Methods: We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; 2001-2014) linked to the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD; 1999-2018). Physical activity was measured among AYAs from the CCHS, and psychiatric hospitalizations were identified in the DAD. Negative binomial regression analyses were performed on each CCHS cycle to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for psychiatric hospitalizations by level of physical activity, which were subsequently meta-analyzed to obtain pooled estimates.Results: In total, 96,100 participants were recruited across eleven survey cycles. Adolescents were more physically active (52%) compared to young adults (39%). The incidence rate of psychiatric hospitalizations was 1.10 per 100,000 person-days in the 2001 cycle and 1.46 in the 2014 cycle. The most common reason for a psychiatric hospitalization was for mood or anxiety disorders (38%). Crude analyses showed no significant differences between levels of physical activity; however, fully adjusted models found that moderately active (IRR= 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.66; p= 0.01) and inactive (IRR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06-1.66; p= 0.01) participants had significantly higher rates of psychiatric hospitalizations compared to active participants. Conclusions: These results suggest that lower levels of physical activity during adolescence and young adulthood may increase rates of subsequent psychiatric hospitalizations. This provides valuable information to policy makers looking to implement mental illness prevention strategies through physical activity and lays the foundation for future studies with similar aims.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".