Foraging behaviour of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the presence of an invasive crab
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.American lobsters (Homarus americanus) are one of the main commercial fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic. The recent arrival and establishment of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) within Atlantic Canada has caused concern because of potential interactions with juvenile lobster populations. Adult green crabs are highly skilled predators that explode in population size in newly invaded areas and potentially compete with juvenile lobsters for limited resources. Literature suggests that juvenile lobsters utilize shelter to avoid predation but dependence lessens as lobsters reach adulthood and gain mechanisms of defence from predators. It follows that smaller lobsters remain conditioned to a trade-off between energetic demands and the risk of predation. This study examines the foraging behaviour of juvenile lobsters (25–51 mm CL) and its potential alteration in the presence of an adult green crab. Experimental trials that provided juvenile lobsters with shelter and a feeding patch were paired with identical trials that monitored lobsters in the presence of a green crab. For each trial (n = 15 for each experiment) lobster behaviour was monitored over 8 h. Our results indicate that smaller juvenile lobsters (<35 mm CL) spent significantly less time foraging, spent more time within the shelter, and took more time to find the food source in the presence of a green crab. Thus, fine-scale size differences as those studied here, play an important role in foraging and shelter usage within the lobster juvenile stage. Our study also documents an apparent shift from shelter dependence to increased foraging at 36 mm CL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".